BigQuery MERGE Statement

MERGE is an UPSERT operation, that can combine INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations into a single statement and perform the operations atomically

MERGE Statement example

MERGE dataset.Inventory T
USING dataset.NewArrivals S
ON T.product = S.product
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  UPDATE SET quantity = T.quantity + S.quantity
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES(product, quantity)

MERGE dataset.Inventory T
USING (SELECT product, quantity, state FROM dataset.NewArrivals t1 JOIN dataset.Warehouse t2 ON t1.warehouse = t2.warehouse) S
ON T.product = S.product
WHEN MATCHED AND state = 'CA' THEN
  UPDATE SET quantity = T.quantity + S.quantity
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  DELETE

Syntax reference

MERGE [INTO] target_name [[AS] alias]
USING source_name
ON merge_condition
{ when_clause } +

when_clause ::= matched_clause | not_matched_by_target_clause | not_matched_by_source_clause

matched_clause ::= WHEN MATCHED [ AND search_condition ] THEN { merge_update_clause | merge_delete_clause }

not_matched_by_target_clause ::= WHEN NOT MATCHED [BY TARGET] [ AND search_condition ] THEN merge_insert_clause

not_matched_by_source_clause ::= WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE [ AND search_condition ] THEN { merge_update_clause | merge_delete_clause }

merge_condition ::= bool_expression

search_condition ::= bool_expression

merge_update_clause ::= UPDATE SET update_item [, update_item]*
update_item ::= column_name = expression

merge_delete_clause ::= DELETE

merge_insert_clause ::= INSERT [(column_1 [, ..., column_n ])] input

input ::= VALUES (expr_1 [, ..., expr_n ]) | ROW

expr ::= expression | DEFAULT